Hermeneutics and subjective pluralism

The foundation of freedom in Spinoza's thinking

Abstract

This essay wants to explain one of the basic questions laced already by the foundational generation of political philosophy: the freedom sources, if we notice that, among the modern thinkers, freedom lacks of teoric support, at less on its monolithic meaning considered; and although certain argumentation in favor of it, coming from many grounds. Beginning from Spinoza, we can appreciate the passage toward a new positioning of subjectivity, decided efforts in behalf of a non teleological conception of authority; the “happiness profits” are not anymore the subject to whom tends the purposes of public life, but a problematic value that is founded in disconformity and dissention, if not in the higher philosophy. The essay also tends to follow some records about political and moral tendencies into the spinozism, whether in order to defend free thinking or to explain in the biasses that refuses them.