The child in situation
Merleau-Ponty and the dialectical-phenomenological conception of child development
Keywords:
childhood, dialectic, development, history, situationAbstract
Considering some of the courses of Psychologie et pédagogie de l’enfant. Cours de Sorbonne (1949-1952), this paper analyzes Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s reappropriation of the historical dynamics of Marxism as an explanatory paradigm of child development. First, an analysis of the dialectical theory of child development conceived by Henri Wallon (who influenced the work of the phenomenologist) will be made, according to which the biological and the social are intertwined in the very definition of the baby’s development. Second, the proposal about the child’s development elaborated by the French phenomenologist will be examined, in which the body / conscience, nature / culture and individual / society dichotomies begin to dissolve in a position where the structure of behavior will be the main object of analysis. Starting from the re-signification of the Gestalt concept of field as a historical situation, the theory developed by Merleau-Ponty regarding child development will consider the relationships in which the child is immersed and the environment that receives it as factors inherent in the study of perception in early childhood.
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